Saunders Respiratory Practice

Which of the following homecare instructions should be reinforced for a client treated for tuberculosis?

1. Resume all activities immediately

2. Maintain strict respiratory isolation

3. Limit sputum cultures to once monthly

4. Cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing

The correct answer is: Cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing

The recommendation to cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing is crucial for a client treated for tuberculosis. This practice serves to prevent the spread of infectious droplets that may contain the tuberculosis bacteria, especially in close quarters or shared living spaces. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease, and by practicing respiratory hygiene—such as using a tissue or elbow to cover the mouth and nose—clients significantly reduce the risk of transmitting the infection to others. This method is essential not only for the protection of others but also supports the client's own responsible management of the disease as they continue their treatment. The other options do not align with best practices for managing tuberculosis. For instance, immediate resumption of all activities may lead to increased risk of spreading the infection or harming the client's recovery. Strict respiratory isolation is not typically necessary for patients who are responding well to treatment. Additionally, limiting sputum cultures to once a month may overlook the need for more frequent monitoring to ensure treatment effectiveness and to verify that the patient is no longer contagious.