Saunders Respiratory Practice

After pulmonary angiography, what symptom should the nurse monitor for to identify an allergic reaction to the contrast medium?

1. Rash and itching

2. Respiratory distress

3. Swelling in extremities

4. Increased blood pressure

The correct answer is: Respiratory distress

Respiratory distress is a critical symptom to monitor for after pulmonary angiography, especially in relation to potential allergic reactions to the contrast medium. An allergic reaction can trigger the release of histamines and other inflammatory mediators, leading to bronchospasm, airway swelling, and difficulty breathing. This may manifest as wheezing, shortness of breath, or even anaphylaxis in severe cases. Therefore, assessing the patient's respiratory status is essential for early identification and intervention in allergic reactions. While other symptoms like rash and itching or swelling in the extremities could indicate an allergic reaction, respiratory distress is particularly alarming as it can rapidly progress to life-threatening situations. Increased blood pressure may occur in response to anxiety or pain rather than being a direct indicator of an allergic response to the contrast agent. Monitoring respiratory function allows for timely management of allergic reactions, making it a priority in post-procedure care.